{"id":4104,"date":"2021-12-04T22:39:50","date_gmt":"2021-12-04T22:39:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forlife.ro\/?p=4104"},"modified":"2021-12-04T22:40:57","modified_gmt":"2021-12-04T22:40:57","slug":"aristotel-cel-mai-mare-cugetator-al-antichitatii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forlife.ro\/en\/aristotel-cel-mai-mare-cugetator-al-antichitatii\/","title":{"rendered":"ARISTOTEL \u2013 CEL MAI MARE CUGET\u0102TOR AL ANTICHIT\u0102\u021aII"},"content":{"rendered":"
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de Beatrice Anisoiu<\/div>\n
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Repere biografice<\/b>: a tr\u0103it 62 de ani, \u00eentre 384-322 \u00ee.e.n., \u0219i s-a n\u0103scut \u00een ora\u0219ul Stagira din peninsula Chalcis, Grecia.<\/span><\/div>\n
A fost filosof \u0219i om de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 al Greciei antice, fiind una dintre cele mai mari figuri intelectuale ale istoriei occidentale. El a fost autorul unui sistem filozofic \u0219i \u0219tiin\u021bific care a devenit cadrul \u0219i vehiculul at\u00e2t pentru scolastica cre\u0219tin\u0103, c\u00e2t \u0219i pentru filosofia islamic\u0103 medieval\u0103.<\/span><\/div>\n
Formarea intelectual\u0103 a lui Aristotel a fost vast\u0103, acoperind majoritatea \u0219tiin\u021belor \u0219i multe dintre arte, \u00eens\u0103, el se dovede\u0219te \u00een mod special preocupat de discipline precum: biologie, botanic\u0103, chimie, etic\u0103, istorie, logic\u0103, metafizic\u0103, retoric\u0103, filosofia min\u021bii, filosofia \u0219tiin\u021bei, fizic\u0103, poetic\u0103, psihologie. De\u0219i a fost pionier \u00een studiul zoologiei, at\u00e2t observa\u021bionale, c\u00e2t \u0219i teoretice, Aristotel r\u0103m\u00e2ne remarcabil \u00een domeniul filosofiei.<\/span><\/div>\n
Ce nu \u0219tia\u021bi despre Aristotel\u2026<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
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Fiul unui medic vestit la curtea regelui macedonean Amintas al II-lea, Aristotel prime\u0219te din partea tat\u0103lui s\u0103u o educa\u021bie aleas\u0103, tat\u0103l s\u0103u preocupat el \u00eensu\u0219i de cercet\u0103ri \u0219tiin\u021bifice, va imprima fiului s\u0103u o pasiune pentru studiul naturii \u0219i n\u0103zuin\u021ba spre o instruc\u021bie aleas\u0103 \u0219i multilateral\u0103, tocmai de aceea, acesta \u00ee\u0219i va trimite fiul s\u0103 studieze \u00een erudita Atena, centru al culturii eline.<\/span><\/div>\n
Prima parte a vie\u021bii sale, Aristotel a petrecut-o la Pella, \u00een mediul cur\u021bii macedonene, unde a legat o trainic\u0103 prietenie cu regele Fillip al II-lea, tat\u0103l lui Alexandru cel Mare. La v\u00e2rsta de 17 ani este atras de for\u021ba irezistibil\u0103 a ora\u0219ului Atena unde se va stabili pentru urm\u0103torii 20 de ani. Adolescentul Aristotel se va al\u0103tura Academiei lui Platon, fiind mai \u00eent\u00e2i elev \u0219i apoi coleg cu marele filosof Platon.<\/span><\/div>\n
Anii de studii la Atena au fost hot\u0103r\u00e2tori pentru formarea filosofic\u0103 \u0219i \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 a lui Aristotel. Aici el a avut prilejul s\u0103 fac\u0103 cuno\u0219tin\u021b\u0103 cu tot tezarul g\u00e2ndirii grece\u0219ti acumulat timp de peste dou\u0103 secole, s\u0103 studieze lucr\u0103rile unor \u00eenainta\u0219i de seam\u0103 ca Thales, Pitagora, Heraclit, Socrate, Democrit \u0219i \u00eenainte de toate pe cele ale maestrului s\u0103u.<\/span><\/div>\n
Plimb\u0103rile instructive din gr\u0103dina lui Akademos (de aici provine denumirea de Academie, data \u0219colii lui Platon) \u00een anturajul maestrului s\u0103u \u0219i-au l\u0103sat amprent\u0103 ad\u00e2nc\u0103 asupra g\u00e2ndirii stagiritului, \u00eens\u0103 influen\u021ba maestrului nu a cople\u0219it personalitatea t\u00e2n\u0103rului discipol care \u021binea s\u0103 afle multe, c\u00e2ut\u00e2nd neobosit un drum propriu.<\/span><\/div>\n
Acest mod unic al lui Aristotel de a percepe individual \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103turile acumulate sau \u00eensu\u0219ite, \u00eel vor face s\u0103-\u0219i sus\u021bin\u0103 pertinent \u0219i vehement punctele de vedere legate chiar de afirma\u021biile maestrului s\u0103u; critica uneori ascu\u021bit\u0103 a lui Aristotel la adresa afirma\u021biilor f\u0103cute de Platon asupra unor aspecte \u0219tiin\u021bifice \u0219i\/sau filosofice, l-au provocat pe cuget\u0103torul nostru s\u0103 spun\u0103: \u201e\u00cemi este scump Platon, dar mai scump \u00eemi este adev\u0103rul!\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/div>\n
\u00cen cei 20 de ani petrecu\u021bi \u00een preajma lui Platon, Aristotel \u00ee\u0219i cucerise faima celui mai perseverant \u0219i talentat dintre elevi, el f\u0103c\u00e2ndu-se cunoscut prin lucr\u0103ri proprii, ce se remarcau prin originalitate \u0219i spirit inovator \u00een dezbaterea problemelor filosofice \u0219i \u0219tiin\u021bifice.<\/span><\/div>\n
La moartea lui Platon, Aristotel, aproape de v\u00e2rsta de 40 de ani, de\u0219i to\u021bi vedeau \u00een el succesorul lui Platon la conducerea Academiei, pleac\u0103 nea\u0219teptat \u0219i se stabile\u0219te la curtea tiranului Hermias din Atarneea, Asia Mic\u0103, unde se va dedica nestingherit preocup\u0103rilor sale \u0219tiin\u021bifice, cre\u00e2ndu-\u0219i totodat\u0103 un mic cerc de filosofi \u0219i al\u021bi g\u00e2nditori c\u0103rora le expunea ideile sale. Dup\u0103 moartea protectorului s\u0103u, Aristotel se vede nevoit s\u0103 p\u0103r\u0103seasc cetatea \u0219i va accepta s\u0103 revin\u0103 \u00een ora\u0219ul Pella, fiind invitat de tat\u0103l lui Alexandru cel Mare s\u0103 se ocupe de educa\u021bia t\u00e2n\u0103rului Alexandru, viitorul rege glorios al macedonenilor. Aristotel va petrece l\u00e2ng\u0103 Alexandru \u0219apte ani, iar \u00eentre cei doi, renumitul filosof \u0219i viitorul cuceritor, se va \u00eenchega o prietenie cald\u0103, care nu se va destr\u0103ma nici \u00een momentele \u00een care vor exista disensiuni \u00eentre cei doi prieteni. Pentru o parte din studiile lui Aristotel, Alexandru cel Mare va avea un rol extraordinar, fiindc\u0103 \u00een timpul campaniilor militare f\u0103cute de cuceritor, acesta avea totdeauna grij\u0103 s\u0103 revin\u0103 la maestrul s\u0103u cu material privind flora, fauna, obiceiurile locale din \u021b\u0103rile prin care a c\u0103l\u0103torit.<\/span><\/div>\n
La v\u00e2rsta de 40 de ani, Aristotel va reveni la Atena \u0219i la o v\u00e2rsta la care atinge culmea maturit\u0103\u021bii, se dedic\u0103 instruirii tineretului, \u00een acest scop \u0219i-a creat o \u0219coal\u0103 proprie, Lykeion-ul, devenit\u0103 \u00een scurt timp un centru \u0219tiin\u021bific \u0219i filosofic renumit. Aceasta este perioada cea mai fecund\u0103 a marelui filosof, acum \u00ee\u0219i scrie remarcabilele lucr\u0103ri, \u00eentre care amintim: lucr\u0103rile de etic\u0103 –\u00a0Etica Nicomahic\u0103<\/i>,\u00a0Etica Eudemic\u0103\u00a0<\/i>respectiv\u00a0Magna Moralia,<\/i>\u00a0lucr\u0103ri de logic\u0103 sau\u00a0Organonul<\/i>, lucr\u0103ri de filosofie teoretic\u0103 –\u00a0Metafizica, Fizica, Despre suflet<\/i>, lucr\u0103ri de \u015ftiin\u0163e naturale –\u00a0Istoria animalelor, Despre p\u0103r\u0163ile animalelor, Despre cer, Mecanica, Meteorii,\u00a0<\/i>lucr\u0103ri de filosofie moral-politic\u0103:\u00a0P<\/i>olitica,\u00a0Etica Nicomahic\u0103<\/i>,\u00a0Etica Eudemic\u0103<\/i>\u00a0etc.<\/span><\/div>\n
Atenienii de\u0219i mari admiratori ai erudi\u021biei lui Aristotel, l-au primit, \u00eens\u0103, cu r\u0103ceal\u0103, consider\u00e2ndu-l partizan al cuceritorilor macedoneni, care au transformat Atena \u0219i alte ora\u0219e \u00een provincii macedonene.<\/span><\/div>\n
Moartea lui Alexandru Macedon, \u00een anul 323 \u00ee.e.n, \u00eel va afecta pe filosof care va fi nevoit s\u0103 p\u0103r\u0103seasc\u0103 pentru totdeauna Atena, ascunz\u00e2ndu-se \u00een Chalcis, unde avea o proprietate mo\u0219tenit\u0103 de la mama sa. Aici, va muri, la un an dup\u0103 moartea prietenului s\u0103u Alexandru cel Mare, la v\u00e2rsta de 62 de ani.<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Resurse \u0219i link-uri utilizate:<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
\u2022 \u201eFiguri ilustre ale Antichit\u0103\u021bii\u201d, Editura Tineretului, Bucure\u0219ti, 1967;<\/span><\/div>\n
\u2022 Mircea Florian, \u201eCosmologia elen\u0103\u201d \u00een Revista de filozofie, nr.1,2,3\/1929;<\/span><\/div>\n
\u2022 Windelband, W., \u201eIstoria filozofiei grece\u0219ti\u201d, Editura Moldova, Ia\u0219i, 1995;<\/span><\/div>\n
\u2022\u00a0https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aristotel<\/a>;<\/span><\/div>\n
\u2022\u00a0https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Aristotle\/The-Lyceum<\/a>;<\/span><\/div>\n
\u2022 https:\/\/www.linternauhttps:\/\/http:\/\/www.ceccarbusinessmagazine.ro\/…\/1775108…\/<\/a>;<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

de Beatrice Anisoiu Repere biografice: a tr\u0103it 62 de ani, \u00eentre 384-322 \u00ee.e.n., \u0219i s-a n\u0103scut \u00een ora\u0219ul Stagira din … <\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4108,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4104","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-picaturi-albastre"],"yoast_head":"\nARISTOTEL \u2013 CEL MAI MARE CUGET\u0102TOR AL ANTICHIT\u0102\u021aII - For Life - \u00cempreun\u0103 d\u0103m via\u021b\u0103 \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103rii<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/forlife.ro\/en\/aristotel-cel-mai-mare-cugetator-al-antichitatii\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" 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